Characteristic On Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting Using Graphene/Silver Filled Epoxy For PVT Thermal Hybrid Solar Collector

Emerging wireless and flexible electronic systems such as wearable or portable devices and sensor networks call for a power source that is sustainable,reliable,have high power density,and can be integrated into a flexible package at low cost.These demands can be met using photovoltaic thennal (PVT) systems,consisting of solar modules for energy harvesting,battery storage to overcome variations in solar module output or load and often power electronics to regulate voltages and power flows.A great deal of research in recent years has focused on the development of high-performing materials and architectures for individual components such as solar cells panel circuit and batteries.The use of graphene and silver conductive ink as a flexible,low-cost solution-processed transparent electrode for photovoltaics is investigated.To fabricate these systems,conductive ink printing technique are of great interest as they can be performed at low temperatures and high speeds and facilitate customization of the components.The parameters that were evaluated consist of resistivity,surface roughness,and morphological analysis.In order to accomplish the analysis,the four-point probe is used to measure the resistance value of the sample in ohm-per-square.Conductive ink loading has detected the presence of resistivity with a certain percentage.The highest average resistivity is detected in 1 layer coil conductive ink while the low resistivity in 3 layers coils conductive ink.In terms of surface roughness, Nanoindentation machine was used which resulted that the samples with a consistent average value of uniform and smooth surface.Conductive ink samples with 80% weight percentage of filler had consistent surface regularities that contributed to smooth surface.In morphological analysis,nanoindentation is used to visualize the microscopic image of graphene and silver nanoparticles ink categorized by the electrical properties of the ink

Resistivity Characterization For Carbon Based Conductive Nanocomposite On Polyethylene Terephthalate And Thermoplastic Polyurethane Substrates

Nanotechnology has gained a lot of focus in recent years due to its application in multidisciplinary fields such as chemistry, electronics energy, and biology. Wearable electronic consists of nanocomposites liquid-solid conductive ink and flexible substrate. This study characterizes the electrical characteristic of the conductive ink with unloaded condition. The conductive ink was printed with four patterns; straight, curve, square and zig-zag patterns. Sheet and bulk resistivity results indicated the decrement of resistivity of all four patterns with the increase of the conductive ink width. From the result, it showed that the resistivity inside the conductive ink increased such as constriction resistance, tunnelling resistance and the number of squares of the meandering trace as compared to similar lengths of a straight-line trace. Size of the particle also affected the contact area and electrical flow between the conductive ink particles. Meanwhile, individual results for each pattern had its own function inside the circuit trac

Characterisation Of Mechanical-Electrical Properties Of Graphene Nanoplatelets Filled Epoxy As Conductive Ink

With the accelerating pace of development in printed electronics, the fabrication and application of conductive ink have been brought into sharp focus in recent years. The discovery of graphene also unfolded a vigorous campaign on its application. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of graphene ink when the heat was applied to obtain the optimised formula and prepare graphene conductive ink with good conductivity. In this paper, graphene conductive ink was prepared using a simple method involving mixing, printing, and curing processes to produce conductive ink according to the formulation. Different compositions of a mixture that contained filler, binder, and hardener were put inside a vacuum to remove bubbles and the ink was cured at 150°C for 30 minutes. This research also studied the effect of the temperature on electrical and mechanical properties, and surface roughness of the hybrid conductive ink using a varying amount of filler for graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) inks. The electrical and mechanical properties were assessed using a four-point probe complying with the ASTMF390 and a Dynamic Ultra Microhardness complying with the ASTM E2546-15. The experimental results demonstrated an improvement in electrical conductivity. GNP showed resistivity around 0.0456 Mohm/sq. The correlation between the material hardness with different percentages of filler loading for GNP ink with and without thermal effect conditions was presented. Both of the two GNP ink conditions exhibited similar graph trends, where the hardness was found to increase as the filler loading in the ink was increased

The Behaviour Of Graphene Nanoplatelates Thin Film For High Cyclic Fatigue

Conductive inks thin film is a composite with conductive material that can replace a conventional and rigid electronic device into one that is flexible and thin electronic device. The thin film behavior was investigated in condition when it was subjected to cyclic bending up to 5000 cycles. The goal of this study is to obtain data for developing electrical packaging with different patterns. Surface roughness, sheet resistivity and bulk resistivity of thin films were measured at every thousand bending cycle. The surface roughness decreased as the cycles increased, meanwhile the sheet and bulk resistivity increased as the cycles increased. This GnP thin film could endure high cycle stress up to 3000 cycles before it failed

Prediction Effects On Internal Resonance Wave Of Metallic Conductive Ink In Rotational Motion Behaviour

This paper represents the effects on internal resonance wave of metallic conductive ink in rotational motion behaviour. The internal resonance metallic conductive ink model is developed using the wave propagation approach. There are two equations derived from this which are impedance and stiffness. Based on these two equations, the multi-body metallic conductive ink model has been successfully derived in order to observe the behaviour of internal resonance, when force is applied at both ends of the model. The internal resonance wave was predicted, and the results have been recorded, and finally, the location of the internal resonance was identified. The maximum level of frequency recorded was at 10 kHz. It is believed that these results can be used in future analysis of metallic conductive ink in order to evaluate and investigate the range of the conductivity of ink with predictive method

Driving Monitoring System Application With Stretchable Conductive Inks: A Review

Nowadays the automotive industry is moving towards developing system connected vehicle parameters which can monitor the driver’s behaviour before driving. Most drivers lose focus and are emotionally distracted while driving owing to fatigue, drowsiness and alcohol consumption, that can result in a traffic accidents. The device or equipment used to detect the driver’s health before driving has always posed a problem in terms of the efficiency of the system especially concerning the cable connecting the equipment. Stretchable conductive ink (SCI) via electronic devices have been widely applied in various industries such as fabric, health, automotive, communications, etc. The flexibility allows a circuit to be placed on an uneven or constantly changing surface. However, till to-date, the effective use of the stretchable conductive ink has yet to be proven in the automotive industry. The current driver monitoring system cannot integrate with many of the driver's health level tracking features at one time. A combination of the driver’s monitoring system methods with stretchable conductive ink (SCI) sensors layout design can be used to prevent road accidents as a result of a driver’s behavior and will make the driving monitoring system more effective with soft substrates technology that has the advantage of geometric deformation based on appropriate shapes

Characterisation of mechanical-electrical properties of graphene nanoplatelets filled epoxy as conductive ink in various patterns

Graphene is one of conductive material that has been studied widely other than silver in the printed electronics industry. This material is considered as “wonder material” which has excellent properties in conducting electricity. Due to these properties advantageous of graphene, a new research study had been conducted regarding the electrical and mechanical properties of Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) conductive ink in various print patterns. The way properties of graphene af ecting the current flow of ink had become one of the objectives of this study with respect to hardness and sheet resistivity ink. On the other hand, this study aimed to determine the most excellent pattern and width that good in conducting electicity. Based on the existing formulation of graphene-based conductive ink, this study combined three dif erent materials which are Graphene Nanoplatelets as a filler, epoxy resin as a binder, and polytheramine as a hardener. Samples of the ink were patterned into four (4) dif erent types, which are a straight-line, zigzag, sinusoidal, and square pattern, and three (3) dif erent widths, which are 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm. In this study, to achieve the objectives, two tests were conducted, which are the sheet resistivity test by using a four-point probe and hardness test by using a nanoindenter. At the end of this study, sample of ink that have low sheet resistivity and high hardness has good properties among others samples and vice versa. Besides that, the best pattern that had the high performance of graphene was determined and discussed. The findings of this study will be used in the future and be very helpful in improving the performance of the existing conductive ink, which can eficiently conduct electricity at a low cost of productio